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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00105_Field_frep87.txt
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1996-12-30
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THE IMPLICATIONS OF SINGLE-
CELL PHYSIOLOGY FOR
PERCEPTION
How are cells in our brain
likely to respond to some
everyday stimulus, such as this
kidney-shaped uniform blob? In
the visual cortex, only a select
set of cells will show any
interest.
The fact that a cell in the
brain responds to visual stimuli
does not guarantee that it plays
a direct part in perception. For
example, many structures in
the brainstem that are
primarily visual have to do only
with eye movements, pupillary
constriction, or focusing by
means of the lens. We can
nevertheless be reasonably
sure that the cells I described
in this chapter have a lot to do
with perception. As I mentioned
at the outset, destroying any
small piece of our striate cortex
produces blindness in some
small part of our visual world,
and damaging the striate cortex
has the same result in the
monkey. In the cat things are
not so simple: a cat with its
striate cortex removed can see,
though less well. Other parts of
the brain, such as the superior
colliculus, may play a
relatively more important part
in a cat's perception than they
do in the primate's. Lower
vertebrates, such as frogs and
turtles, have nothing quite like
our cortex, yet no one would
contend that they are blind.
We can now say with some
confidence what any one of
these cortical cells is likely to
be doing in response to a
natural scene. The majority of
cortical cells respond badly to
diffuse light but well to
appropriately oriented lines.
Thus for the kidney shape
shown in the illustration to the
left, such a cell will fire if and
only if its receptive field is cut
in the right orientation by the
borders. Cells whose receptive
fields are inside the borders
will be unaffected; they will
continue to fire at their
spontaneous rate, oblivious to
the presence or absence of the
form.